Effector cells are lymphocytes which can participate
in the destruction of pathogens without having to go through further
differentiation. This distinguishes them from naïve lymphocytes,
which must first divide and differentiate before they can exercise effector
functions, and from memory cells which must also differentiate and often
also divide in order to develop into effector cells. Electrophoresis is the movement of molecules in an electric
field. Various forms of electrophoresis are used in immunology to separate
mixtures of molecules - especially protein mixtures - and to determine
the charge, size and sub-unit composition of individual molecules. ELISA test: An ELISA test (enzyme-Iinked immunosorbent
assay) is a serological test in which bound antigens or antibodies
are detected with the help of a coupled enzyme which converts a colourless
substance into a coloured product. It is often used in biological, medical
and immunological research and diagnostics. Embryonic stem cells can differentiate into all cell types of
the body. Enzymes: Organic substances which are involved in important
chemical metabolic reactions of living organisms. Eosinophile cells are polymorphonuclear leukocytes with eosinophile
granuloma. They possess surface receptors for IgE which presumably enables
them to attack parasites. They are activated by lymphocytes of the acquired
immune response. Epitope: An epitope is a site on an antigen which is recognized
by an antibody. A T cell epitope is a short peptide from a protein antigen.
It binds to an MHC molecule is and is recognized by a particular T cell. Epstein-Barr virus: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of the
herpes viruses. It selectively infects human B cells. The virus causes
a type of infectious mononucleosis (Pfeiffer's glandular fever) and
results in a life-long infection of the B cells which is kept under
control by T cells. |